Past and future impacts of urbanisation on land surface temperature in Greater Cairo over a 45 year period

Rapid and unplanned urbanisation can lead to altered local climate by increasing land surface temperature (LST), particularly in summer months. This study investigates the Urban Heat Island (UHI) Greater Cairo, Egypt, using remote sensing techniques estimate LST of months over 45 years (1986, 2000, 2017, predicted year 2030). The research objectives steps were, 1- mapped use/ cover (LULC), 2- conducted spatiotemporal analysis LST, with a comparison change across different types, 3- future for 2030, 4- examined this temporal hot-spot area (ring road) cool-spot (the River Nile). results showed that urban areas have increased last 30 179.9 km2 (13 %), while agriculture decreased 148 (12 %) water bodies 6 (0.5 %). mean Cairo time, from 31.3 °C (1986) 36.0 (2017) is reach 37.9 2030. While notable rise ring road buffer zone (88 km2), where it was 31.1 (1986), 37 due triple increase on account areas, may 38.9 slightly more than cooler cultivated areas. UHI induce modification negatively affect agricultural land, human thermal comfort unfortunately less sustainable environment.